Program Operator: Smart EPD®www.smartepd.comEnvironmental Product DeclarationIN ACCORDANCE WITH ISO 14025:2006 AND ISO 21930:2017SmartEPD-2025-069-0490-01Date of IssueJun 09, 2025Expiration dateJun 09, 2030Last updatedAug 25, 2026Refer to the EPD Library at www.smartepd.com for the latest EPD listing informationStonshield Aggregate
General InformationStonhard1000 E. Park Ave., Maple Shade, NJ 080521-800-257-7953ctrageser@stonhard.comstonhard.comProduct Name:Stonshield AggregateDeclared Unit:1 kgDeclaration Number:SmartEPD-2025-069-0490-01Date of Issue:June 09, 2025Expiration:June 09, 2030Last updated:August 25, 2026EPD Scope:Cradle to gate with other optionsA1 - A3, A4, A5, C1 - C4, DMarket(s) of Applicability:North AmericaGeneral Organization InformationStonhard is the unprecedented leader in manufacturing and installing high performance floors. Our seamless, long lasting, easy to clean systems areengineered for both industrial and commercial markets. We also bring the same performance to our wall and lining systems. Joining form and function, ourfloors are the dependable go-to choice for tough manufacturing environments, while still honoring innovative design for commercial environments. Epoxy,urethane and fast-track methyl methacrylate resin-based systems deliver a broad range of options for every market and application.Stonhard manufactures and installs products throughout the world with headquarters in Maple Shade, New Jersey. Stonhard is an ISO-9001 registeredcompany.Further information can be found at:https://www.stonhard.com/about-us/who-we-are/Limitations, Liability and OwnershipEnvironmental declarations from different programs (ISO 14025) may not be comparable. Comparison of the environmental performance of products usingEPD information shall be based on the product’s use and impacts at the building level, and therefore EPDs may not be used for comparability purposes whennot considering the whole building life cycle. EPD comparability is only possible when all stages of a life cycle have been considered. However, variations anddeviations are possible. Example of variations: Different LCA software and background LCI datasets may lead to differences results for upstream ordownstream of the life cycle stages declared. The EPD owner has sole ownership, liability, and responsibility for the EPD.Reference StandardsStandard(s):ISO 14025:2006 and ISO 21930:2017Core PCR:Smart EPD® Part A Product Category Rules for Building and Construction Products andServices, 1000, v1.01Stonshield AggregateStonhardPage 2 / 12
Date of issue: January 15, 2024Valid until: July 15, 2025Sub-category PCR review panel:Contact Smart EPD for more information.General Program Instructions:Smart EPD General Program Instructions v.2.0, March 2025Verification InformationACLCA PCR Guidance Version:1.0ACLCA PCR Conformance Level:TransparencyLCA Author/Creator:Juan David Villegasjuan@parqhq.comEPD Program Operator:Smart EPDinfo@smartepd.comwww.smartepd.com585 Grove St., Ste. 145, Herndon, VA 20170, USAVerification:Independent critical review of the LCA and data, according to ISO 14044 andISO 14071:ExternalRifat KarimIndependent Consultantrifat.chimique@gmail.comIndependent external verification of EPD, according to ISO 14025 andreference PCR(s):ExternalRifat KarimIndependent Consultantrifat.chimique@gmail.comProduct InformationDeclared Unit:1 kgMass:1 kgReference Service Life:60 YearsProduct Specificity:Product AverageProduct SpecificProduct DescriptionStonshield Aggregate is a brightly colored, quartz broadcast aggregate.Further information can be found at:https://www.stonhard.com/products/stonshield/Product SpecificationsProduct Classification Codes:EC3 - Finishes -> Flooring -> OtherFlooringStonshield AggregateStonhardPage 3 / 12
Material CompositionMaterial/Component CategoryOrigin% MassAggregate79 - 100Polyol< 10Water< 10Packaging MaterialOriginkg MassSupersack0.002Biogenic Carbon Contentkg C per kgBiogenic carbon content in product0Biogenic carbon content in accompanyingpackaging0Hazardous Materialsquartz (silicon dioxide) (14808-60-7)titanium dioxide (13463-67-7)EPD Data SpecificityPrimary Data Year:June 1st 2023 to May 31st 2024Manufacturing Specificity:Industry AverageManufacturer AverageFacility SpecificAveraging:Averaging was not conducted for this EPDSystem BoundaryProductionA1Raw material supplyA2TransportA3ManufacturingStonshield AggregateStonhardPage 4 / 12
ConstructionA4Transport to siteA5Assembly / InstallUseB1UseNDB2MaintenanceNDB3RepairNDB4ReplacementNDB5RefurbishmentNDB6Operational Energy UseNDB7Operational Water UseNDEnd of LifeC1DeconstructionC2TransportC3Waste ProcessingC4DisposalBenefits & Loads BeyondSystem BoundaryDRecycling, Reuse Recovery PotentialNote:ND = Module not declaredPlantsStonhard Fort WayneFort Wayne, IN, USAStonshield AggregateStonhardPage 5 / 12
Product Flow DiagramSoftware And DatabaseLCA Software:SimaPro v. 9.5LCI Foreground Database(s):Ecoinvent v. 3.9.1LCI Background Database(s):Ecoinvent v. 3.9.1A foreground LCI database is the database used to model the primary, site-specific data collected for this EPD. A background LCI database is the databaseused to model generic or non-specific data.Data QualityThe quality of inventory data is evaluated based on several criteria, including precision, completeness, consistency, and representativeness.Stonshield AggregateStonhardPage 6 / 12
Precision and completeness:Precision: The inventory data used in this study were either directly measured, calculated, or estimated based on primary data sources, ensuring highprecision. Background data from ecoinvent v3 database also has documented precision to the extent available.Completeness: The product system's mass balance and inventory completeness were thoroughly checked. Some exclusions were made in line with thePCR requirements, such as personnel impacts, R&D activities, business travel, secondary packaging, point of sale infrastructure, and the coatingapplicator. However, no data was intentionally omitted.Consistency and reproducibility:Consistency: Primary data were collected with a similar level of detail, while background data primarily came from the ecoinvent database, with otherdatabases used only if necessary or more representative. The modeling approach and other methodological choices were applied consistentlythroughout the model.Reproducibility: This study ensures reproducibility by providing comprehensive disclosure of input-output data, dataset choices, and modelingapproaches. A knowledgeable third party should be able to approximate the results using the same data and modeling methods.Representativeness:Temporal: Primary data were collected for a 12 month period starting on June 2023 and ending on May 2024 to ensure the representativeness of post-consumer content. Secondary data from the ecoinvent v3 database is typically representative of recent years.Geographical: Primary data represent Stonhard's production facilities in Mapple Shade, NJ, US. Where applicable, differences in electric grid mix wereconsidered using appropriate secondary data. The use of country-specific data ensures high geographical representativeness, and proxy data wereonly used when country-specific data were unavailable..Technological: Both primary and secondary data were tailored to the specific technologies studied, ensuring high technological representativeness.Life Cycle Module DescriptionPrimary data were collected for a 12-month period from June 2023 and ending on May 2024 to ensure technical, geographical, and temporalrepresentativeness. The manufacturing process starts with the reception of raw materials, typically in the form of chemical packages (cans, supersacks,bags, pails, among others). Next, the raw materials are mixed to forms resins and additives. After this step, the products are packaged and distributed tovarious distribution centers. Non-hazardous waste, consisting mainly of packaging waste materialas, is sent for disposal, incineration, and/or recycling.Hazardous waste consist on manufacturing, product losses and its disposal is model according to PCR descriptions (solvent-based coatings are incineratedfor energy recovery and water-based coatings are sent to landfill).LCA DiscussionAllocation ProcedureAllocation of co-products was avoided, to the extent it was possible, based on the guidance given in ISO 14044:2006, 4.3., in ISO 21930:2017. Energy useand VOC emissions at the Maple Shade, NJ factory were allocated by mass. Overhead burdens (building heating and corporate use consumption) wereexcluded using a square footage factor, that benchmarked and validated with process engineering models of resinous floor coatings production. The processdo not consume process water or generate wastewater . Solid waste was estimated using packaging masses and material losses and allocated followingthe polluter pays principle.Cut-off ProcedureThe system boundary was defined based on relevance to the goal of the study. For the raw material (A1) and process related inputs (A3), all availableenergy and material flow data have been included in the model. Exclusions allowed by the PCR such as secondary and tertiary packaging, wereStonshield AggregateStonhardPage 7 / 12
implemented, as well as overhead burdens such as building heating and corporate office consumption.Renewable ElectricityEnergy Attribute Certificates (EACs) such asRenewable Energy Certificates (RECs) or PowerPurchase Agreements (PPAs) are included in thebaseline reported results:NoScenariosTransport to the building/construction site (A4)A4 ModuleFuel Type:DieselVehicle Type:Truck and TrailerTransport Distance:2.06E+03 kmCapacity Utilization:33 %Packaging Mass:2.35E-03 kgWeight of products transported:1.002E+00 kgCapacity utilization volume factor:=1Assumptions for scenario development:Transport distance includes finished product to distribution center and distribution center to pointof sale.Installation in to the building/construction site (A5)A5 ModuleProduct Lost per Declared/Functional Unit:0.02 kgWaste Materials at the Construction Site BeforeWaste Processing:2.24E-02 kgMass of Packaging Waste Specified by Type:2.353e-03 kgBiogenic Carbon Contained in Packaging (kg C):0 kgDirect Emissions to Ambient Air, Soil and Water:0 kgVOC Emissions:0 ug/m3End of Life (C1 - C4)C1 - C4 ModulesCollection ProcessCollected with Mixed Construction Waste:9.800e-01 kgRecoveryLandfill:9.800e-01 kgStonshield AggregateStonhardPage 8 / 12
Reuse, Recovery and / or Recycling Potentials & Relevant Scenario Information (D)D ModuleRecycling Rate of Product:0 %Recycled Content of Product:0 %Net Energy Benefit from Energy Recovery fromWaste Treatment Declared as Export Energy inC3:0 MJNet Energy Benefit from Thermal Energy Due toTreatment of Waste Declared as Exported Energyin C4:0 MJNet Energy Benefit from Material Flow Declared inC3 for Energy Recovery:0 MJProcess and Conversion Efficiencies:1:1 functional equivalency of recycled packaging materialFurther assumptions for scenario development:Environmental benefits and loads beyond the system boundary are linked to the recycling of afraction of the packaging waste in A3 and A5 (ISO 21930 7.1.7.6)ResultsEnvironmental Impact Assessment ResultsIPCC AR5 GWP 100, TRACI 2.1per 1 kg of product.LCIA results are relative expressions and do not predict impacts on category endpoints, the exceeding of thresholds, safety margins or risks.Impact CategoryUnitMethodA1 - A3A4A5C1C2C3C4DGWP-totalkg CO2-eqIPCC AR5GWP 1003.14e-12.18e-11.56e-203.38e-302.03e-1-2.81e-2ODPkg CFC-11 eqTRACI 2.15.90e-93.74e-93.06e-1005.80e-1105.56e-9-1.24e-10APkg SO2 eqTRACI 2.11.20e-36.95e-45.25e-501.08e-507.02e-4-5.07e-5EPkg N eqTRACI 2.17.41e-41.92e-43.29e-502.98e-607.00e-4-1.75e-5POCPkg O3 eqTRACI 2.12.16e-21.59e-29.92e-402.47e-401.14e-2-1.39e-3Note:Not all abbreviated indicators listed below may be present in the results above. The inclusion of indicators varies based on PCR requirements.Abbreviations:GWP = Global Warming Potential, 100 years (may also be denoted as GWP-total, GWP-fossil (fossil fuels), GWP-biogenic (biogenic sources), GWP-luluc (land use and land use change)), ODP = Ozone DepletionPotential, AP = Acidification Potential, EP = Eutrophication Potential, SFP = Smog Formation Potential, POCP = Photochemical oxidant creation potential, ADP-Fossil = Abiotic depletion potential for fossil resources,ADP-Minerals&Metals = Abiotic depletion potential for non-fossil resources, WDP = Water deprivation potential, PM = Particular Matter Emissions, IRP = Ionizing radiation, human health, ETP-fw = Eco-toxicity(freshwater), HTP-c = Human toxicity (cancer), HTP-nc = Human toxicity (non-cancer), SQP = Soil quality index.Comparisons cannot be made between product-specific or industry average EPDs at the design stage of a project, before a building has been specified.Comparisons may be made between product-specific or industry average EPDs at the time of product purchase when product performance andspecifications have been established and serve as a functional unit for comparison. Environmental impact results shall be converted to a functional unitbasis before any comparison is attempted. Any comparison of EPDs shall be subject to the requirements of ISO 21930 or EN 15804. EPDs are notcomparative assertions and are either not comparable or have limited comparability when they have different system boundaries. EPDs are notcomparative assertions and are either not comparable or have limited comparability when they have different system boundaries, are based on differentStonshield AggregateStonhardPage 9 / 12
product category rules or are missing relevant environmental impacts. Such comparison can be inaccurate, and could lead to erroneous selection ofmaterials or products which are higher-impact, at least in some impact categories.Resource Use Indicatorper 1 kg of product.IndicatorUnitA1 - A3A4A5C1C2C3C4DRPREMJ7.36e-23.01e-23.12e-304.68e-405.17e-2-2.36e-3RPRMMJ8.95e-19.96e-33.29e-201.55e-407.40e-1-7.47e-4RPRTMJ9.69e-14.01e-23.60e-206.23e-407.92e-1-3.11e-3NRPREMJ4.99e+03.16e+02.10e-104.91e-202.27e+0-4.56e-1NRPRMMJ1.13e-45.45e-55.51e-608.46e-701.07e-4-2.10e-6NRPRTMJ4.99e+03.16e+02.10e-104.91e-202.27e+0-4.56e-1ADPFMJ6.03e-14.44e-12.39e-206.90e-301.40e-1-6.64e-2FWm32.36e-34.13e-47.64e-506.42e-609.76e-4-2.98e-5REMJ00000000RSFMJ00000000NRSFMJ00000000SMkg00000000Note:Not all abbreviated indicators listed below may be present in the results above. The inclusion of indicators varies based on PCR requirements.Abbreviations:RPRE or PERE = Renewable primary resources used as energy carrier (fuel), RPRM or PERM = Renewable primary resources with energy content used as material, RPRT or PERT = Total use of renewable primaryresources with energy content, NRPRE or PENRE = Non-renewable primary resources used as an energy carrier (fuel), NRPRM or PENRM = Non-renewable primary resources with energy content used as material,NRPRT or PENRT = Total non-renewable primary resources with energy content, SM = Secondary materials, RSF = Renewable secondary fuels, NRSF = Non-renewable secondary fuels, RE = Recovered energy,ADPF = Abiotic depletion potential, FW = Use of net freshwater resources, VOCs = Volatile Organic Compounds.Waste and Output Flow Indicatorsper 1 kg of product.IndicatorUnitA1 - A3A4A5C1C2C3C4DHWDkg2.00e-202.04e-20001.00e+00NHWDkg2.05e-202.55e-300000MRkg1.33e-402.14e-40000-3.45e-4MERkg00000000ILLRWm300000000HLLRWm300000000Note:Not all abbreviated indicators listed below may be present in the results above. The inclusion of indicators varies based on PCR requirements.Abbreviations:HWD = Hazardous waste disposed, NHWD = Non-hazardous waste disposed, RWD = Radioactive waste disposed, HLRW = High-level radioactive waste, ILLRW = Intermediate- and low-level radioactive waste,CRU = Components for re-use, MFR or MR = Materials for recycling, MER = Materials for energy recovery, MNER = Materials for incineration, no energy recovery, EE or EEE = Recovered energy exported from theStonshield AggregateStonhardPage 10 / 12
product system, EET = Exported thermal energy.Significant data limitations currently exist within the LCI data used to generate waste metrics for Life Cycle Assessments and Environmental ProductDeclarations. The waste metrics were calculated in a way conformant with the requirements of ISO 21930:2017, but these values represent rough estimatesand are for informational purposes only. As such, no decisions regarding actual cradle-grave waste performance between products should be derived fromthese reported valuesCarbon Emissions and Removalsper 1 kg of product.IndicatorUnitA1 - A3A4A5C1C2C3C4DBio Carbon Removal from Productkg C00000000Bio Carbon Emission from Productkg C00000000Bio Carbon Removal from Packagingkg C-8.46e-30000000Bio Carbon Emission from Packagingkg C8.46e-30000000Bio Carbon Emission from Waste duringManufacturing (renewable source)kg C00000000Calcination Carbon Removalkg C00000000Carbonation Carbon Emissionkg C00000000Carbon Emission from Waste duringManufacturing (non-renewable source)kg C00000000Note:Not all abbreviated indicators listed below may be present in the results above. The inclusion of indicators varies based on PCR requirements.Abbreviations:BCRP = Biogenic Carbon Removal from Product, BCEP = Biogenic Carbon Emission from Product, BCRK = Biogenic Carbon Removal from Packaging, BCEK = Biogenic Carbon Emission from Packaging, BCEW =Biogenic Carbon Emission from Combustion of Waste from Renewable Sources Used in Production Processes, CCE = Calcination Carbon Emissions, CCR = Carbonation Carbon Removals, CWNR = Carbon Emissionsfrom Combustion of Waste from Non-Renewable Sources used in Production Processes, GWP-luc = Carbon Emissions from Land-use Change.InterpretationRaw materials are sourced from suppliers, transported to manufacturing facilities, and mixed to produce products. The product stage (A1-A3) has thehighest environmental impact, especially due to raw material production and energy use, impact amplified in the use phase (B4) from recoatings. The Marketscenario shows higher use-phase impacts due to a shorter estimated service life (ESL).End-of-life impacts are relatively low, as products are assumed to belandfilled with building demolition waste. Switching to renewable energy is advised for products with high manufacturing energy demands. Themanufacturer should explore lower-impact raw materials and work with suppliers using sustainable methods or renewable energy to enhance productsustainability.The environmental impact results of products in this document are based on a declared unit and therefore do not provide sufficient information to establishcomparisons. The results shall not be used for comparisons without knowledge of how the physical properties of the product impact the precise function atthe construction level. The environmental impact results shall be converted to a functional unit basis before any comparison is attempted.A manufacturer shall not make claims based on an industry-average EPD which leads the market to believe the industry-average is representative ofmanufacturer-specific or product-specific results.Stonshield AggregateStonhardPage 11 / 12
0%20%40%60%80%100%GWP-TotalIPCC AR5 GWP 100ODPTRACI 2.1APTRACI 2.1EPTRACI 2.1POCPTRACI 2.1Production (A1 - A3)Construction (A4 - A5)End of Life (C1 - C4)Additional Environmental InformationNoneFurther InformationAdditional product informationProduct density,2.614 g/cm3VOC content0 g/lReferencesISO 14025, “Environmental labels and declarations -- Type III environmental declarations -- Principles and procedures”, ISO14025:2006ISO 21930, Sustainability in buildings and civil engineering works — Core rules for environmental product declarations of construction products and services.ISO21930:2017NSF International, Product Category Rules for Environmental Product Declarations for Resinous Floor Coatings, NSF International:2023.ISO 14044, “Environmental management - Life cycle assessment - Requirements and guidelines”, ISO14044:2006.Ecoinvent v3.9.1, December 2022. The ecoinvent database: Overview and methodology, Data quality guideline for the ecoinvent database version 3,[www.ecoinvent.org](http://www.ecoinvent.org/)Bare, J. C. TRACI 2.0 - The Tool for the Reduction and Assessment of Chemical and other environmental Impacts. CLEAN TECHNOLOGIES ANDENVIRONMENTAL POLICY. Springer-Verlag, New York, NY.Stonshield AggregateStonhardPage 12 / 12
